in a few days :: essays research papers

In a Few DaysA division has past and now we stand on the brink of returning to a world where we are surrounded by the paradox of everything, yet nonhing cosmos the same. In a few days we entrust reluctantly give our hugs and, fighting the tears, say good-bye to the people who were once just names on a sheet of paper, to return to people that we hugged and fought the tears the say good-bye to before we ever left. We will leave our best friends to return to our best friends. We will go back to the places we came from and go back to the same things we did last summer and every summer before. We will come into town on that same familiar road, and even though it has been nine months, it will only seem like yesterday.As you walk into your old bedroom, every emotion will pass by dint of you as you reflect on the way that your life has changed and the person you have become. You suddenly realize that the things that were most important to you a year ago does not seem to matter so much anymore, and the things you hold highest now, no one at home will completely understand. Who will you call first? Where are you going to work? Who will be partying with you on Saturday night? What has everyone been up to? Who from college will you keep in touch with? How long before you actually step forward missing people barging in without calling or knocking? Who will go with you to Dunkin Donuts at 5 a.m., if you get the urge? Who will go unite with you after hours? How long until you adjust to sleeping in a room by yourself, or how long before you realize that you best friends are not in the bed next to your room?Then you realize how much things have changed, you realize that the hardest part of college is balancing the two completely different worlds you make it in, trying desperately to hold onto everything all the while trying to figure out what you have to leave behind. In the matter of one days time, we will leave our world of living with our best friends, walking acro ss campus to eat at the UC, instant messenger being on 24/7, 800 a.m. classes (well, not for you), and perpetual procrastination, to a world that will seem foreign to us despite the fact that we have lived in it for nineteen years.

Photos, Photography, and Images - The Superiority of Images Over Words :: Free Argumentative Essays

The Superiority of Images Over Words The battle for superiority and dominance between words and images is long and on-going. Both can be build everywhere, mostly in books, magazines, television, paintings, and movies. However, in to a greater extent recent years, the dominance of images over words can be seen. In a world where better, faster, and easier communication is necessary, images argon a far better option than words. Mitchell Stephens in By Means of the Visible A Pictures Worth, Ward Churchill in Crimes Against Humanity, and the director of inwardly These Walls, Mike Robe, concur that images such as gestures, symbols, and pictures have a widespread and profound influence. In truth, painting is much more eloquent than speech, and often penetrates more deeply into ones heart (Stephens 473). Thus, images are more powerful than words because they communicate more clearly and concisely, cater for a wider and more diverse audience, and connect with people on a deeper level. Images such as pictures dominate words because they can relay messages in a clear and succinct manner. The aim of being able to communicate in the most effective way possible is to spread cognition and information. However, when miscommunication becomes a factor and a problem, the quality of the knowledge being relayed becomes tainted. Stephens has found that images are a way to remedy this. He reasons that because primates are visual animals, and think best in pictorial or geometric terms, humans need images in order to fully explain and/or understand a concept (480). Unfortunately, the Nazis understood the power of this theory. Churchill found that turn spreading anti-Semitic propaganda, the Nazis drew grotesque caricatures of Jewish faces (498). Immediately, messages of inferiority and hatred spread throughout Germany. Even without words, such pictures had a profound effect. It influenced average Germans to later indulge in the outright liquidation of J ewish vermin (501). Even though images were used negatively, it is clear that they have a deep effect on peoples perception and understanding. Words, however, cannot have the same effect. Because abstract words and emotions such as hate require a deep understanding, they can be put into images but are difficult to put into words (Stephens 480). Therefore, images remain dominant over words because a single picture can draw and quarter complex emotions that no word or group of words can accomplish.

The Hypocrisy of Teaching American History Essay -- American History

The Hypocrisy of Teaching American HistoryReading, writing and arithmetic, these three subjects are the basic outline for American schools. In those subjects, where does account statement fit in? Some believe that teachers avoid history because of how corrupt America has been. James W. Loewen, author of Lies My Teacher Told Me, says, Parents may feel undermined when children bring in tools of information not available to adults and use them in ways that seem to threaten adult-held values. (Loewen 296.) The adults had to learn the same false history children are being taught today. By teaching children the truth about history, are adults risking the authority they hold along with adult-held values?Learning social studies is to no small extent, learning to be stupid. (LMTTM 298.) What happens when history teachers and textbooks lie? Not only will the children grow up to be uneducated, but theyll continue to teach the same lies to their own children. The excuse most teachers use, cor respond to Loewen, is they feel they are supposed to defend and endorse America. (LMTTM 289.) If teachers told students about Woodrow Wilson being racist, Columbus forcing Indians into slavery, or how the FBI worked against the civil rights movement then children would be too aware(predicate) of how the world works. Is this necessarily a bad thing? No, because the truth is always better than a lie, regardless of how ugly it may be. In order to be a truly good American, children must learn this countrys true his...

Glorifying the Tudor Dynasty: Shakespeares Richard III and the Perfect

Arts in England flourished and prospered during the tower of Queen Elizabeth I. Furthermore, The Golden Age was characterized by the Queens patronizing of theatre, which lead it to gain popularity among England. The sixteenth and archaeozoic seventeenth century witnessed a period of English nationalism, evidently shown through diffused texts in the English language, rather than in Latin. Additionally, the Queen supported playwrights such(prenominal) as William Shakespeare, which lead to depictions of Elizabethan society in his plays. Consequently, influences from London and the royal family influenced plays such as Richard ternary. Specifically, the play affected the glorification of the Tudors, leading to the villanization of former mightiness Richard III. This paper discusses and argues the effects of Elizabethan England on the plot, villain, and gender roles- all leading to the glorification of the Tudor dynasty. Firstly, Niccollo Machiavellis influences on England during the Elizabethan Era transmit in the plot of the play. Machiavelli, an Italian politician, published Il Principe, which established guidelines on how a prince could get and secure his power. Machiavellian ideas diffused among the political elite of England during Elizabeths reign (The Influence of Machiavelli on Shakespeare). Consequently, Shakespeare adapted these influences to produce the character of King Richard III. The principal influence of Machiavelli on Shakespeares version of Richard is the Machiavellian concept of the ends justify the elbow room (The Influence of Machiavelli on Shakespeare).When Richard outlines his plans that will lead him to the throne of the kingdom, Shakespeare shows the influence of this concept because he shows willingness to do anything in ord... ... plot, the characters, and the overall conflicts. Culturally London is present in the events and characters of the play, since Shakespeare manages to take influences from historians and his patron to targ et a historical figure. Finally, while embedding historical events in his plot, Shakespeare manages to legitimize the rule of the reining dynasty. Works CitedMclean, Ralph. The Influence of Machiavelli On Shakespeare. Britain In Print, n.d.Web. 6 Apr. 2014Preis, Dorothea. Richard III Society of NSW. Richard III Society of NSW RSS. HSCHistory Extension, 7 Nov. 2012. Web. 6 Apr. 2014Shakespeare, William. Richard III. Cambridge U, 1954. Print.Shapiro, Susan. Feminism in Elizabethan England. History Today. History Today, n.d.Web. 6 Apr. 2014The Richard III Society. Richard III Society of NSW RSS. HRH. The Duke ofClougester, n.d Web. 07 Apr. 2014

Harmful Effects Of Smoking Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Example E

Every year thousands of nation die because of lung cancer or other tobacco relatedillnesses. Everyone in the world comes in contact with smoke from a cigarette at leastonce in their lifetime, whether it is at a restaurant or at work. Millions of people areaddicted to ingest, and thousands much become addicted every year. Cigarettes andother tobacco products are everywhere. Most of the addicted smokers started when they were young (Roberts 18). The reason why people excite addicted to any type of tobaccoproduct is because all tobacco products have nicotine in them, which is the addictiveingredient (American Thoracic nine 22). Every time a person smokes a cigarette orchews tobacco, that person ingests nicotine. I weigh that the tobacco companies shouldbe liable for every tobacco-related expiration each year.On the other hand, some people believe that everyone has a right to make theirown judgment almost their life. My rival, Rosalind Marimont argues drugs andalcohol are much dangerous to society than tobacco (26). Second hand smoking is not adanger to the health of the community (Marimont 26). There are health benefits forpeople that do smoke tobacco (Marimont 27). So many people quit smoking each year, itis so ridiculous to think that tobacco products are addicting argues Richard DeGrandpre(39). The facts about tobacco and tobacco products have been shaded by the governmentand government agencies to make smoking less acceptable and more inconvenient tosmokers and tobacco users Sullum argues (55). My opponents firmly believe that thereare no risks if a person starts smoking. As you will see, I will show extenuating facts thatdisprove my opponents views on tobacco products.My opponent states that smoking is not dangerous, however, I intend toprove that smoking is dangerous not just to smokers, but to everyone as well. It is aproven fact that smoking causes lung cancer and heart disease (American Thoracic Society19). Every person that breathes the smoke of tobacco products is at risk fortobacco-related illnesses. flat though smoking is not as publicized by the media as muchas illegal drugs, cigarettes are just as bad. Smoking cigarettes leads to the use of otherdrugs that are more harmful to the person than cigarettes (Hall 22). If smoking was not... ...mber of teens that start smoking each year. Study after study has proven thatwith smoking comes major health risks. Even people that do not smoke are at risk ofthese heath problems. Statistics do not lie, one thousand people die day-after-day fromtobacco or tobacco related illnesses. Statistical data can not be altered in any way nor canthey be shaded by anyone. Tobacco products are not going to go away for good, howeverthe Food and Drug Administration should be given the authority to bilk theadvertising of tobacco companies. The but product the Food and Drug Administrationcan not regulate is the manufacture, sale, packaging, and distribution of tobacco products(Douglas 33). If the advertisements can be concussion down, then many teenagers will not beinfluenced to try them as much as they are now. Given this compromise, the tobaccocompanies will still get money from the people that are already addicted, but it will greatlyreduce the amount of money they make each year. Tobacco products are perpetually going tobe around, but I hope that the Food and Drug Administration will be able to regulate themfor the safety of not only adults, but for all of the children as well.

History Ia 2013

A. Plan of the investigation The focus of the study is on the event of the Tiananmen Square Massacre and how the Chinese commie Party organization shocked the demesne. More on the whole over, the study focuses on the later onmaths and the international effects like how the United States decided how to deal with this violent act or how this event possibly confirm ownors to fight against their frustrate government. This research paper give evaluate the finis of how international countries were affected by this event.Ranging from countries such(prenominal) as Germany to the United States, this investigation will encompass the mass effects and influences on other countries. S of all timeal of the outsets used in the essay, include The Price of Heavenly Peace Tiananmen Square 15 long time Later by Michael J. Thompson and a news member Where Capitalism Won, But Not Democracy interview of Robyn Meredyth about the Tiananmen Square Massacre. These sources will be identify for thei r origins, values, limitations, and credibility. B. Summary of Evidence On a night in June of 1989, the unthinkable happened.Otherwise known as the June Fourth Incident, the Tiananmen Square Massacre was the bloody result of sevensome weeks of continuous rebellion of Communist Party of mainland Chinas policies. Perhaps thousands of volume were killed in cold blood when the troops fired into crowds and army tanks ran over plenty (Wong 2). Ranging from university students to faculty workers to intellectuals, this protest was executed mainly to promote freedom of speech and press, economic growth, help in education funds, and most importantly, a transfigure towards democracy. After the tragic incident, societies began to question Chinas motives and accomplishs.The fight for democracy created great tensions between the people and the government. 20 old age later, Chinas Communist Party remains solidly in power. It still suppresses dissent. In China, capitalism is champi angiotensi n converting enzymed, but democracy is still verboten (Meredith 2). Essentially this source discussed how even though the fight for democracy was lost by the people China gained a severe salmagundi in the capitalistic features. For example, Chinas Five-Year Plan was introduced onwards the Tiananmen Square incident, but the effect of the incident caused this plan to move towards a more industrialized turn.Eventually, China became known more for their capitalistic features than their infamous communistic cover. The world-known Tank Man is said to have been one of the most influential figure of his time. It all started with a man in a white tog who walked into the street and raised his right hand no higher than a New Yorker hailing a taxi quoted James Barron, a writer for The New York quantify (This newspaper article was published the day after the incident June 5, 1989). The descriptions of the tank man possibly lead to many historical events in the future.This demonstrated how i f one lone individual has the courage to stand up against such a powerful government, why couldnt a group do the same with their corrupt government in their countries? Over to the double-u of Asia, East and West Germany were suffering similar problems in that the two want to, once again, become one country. concisely afterwards, the demolishing of the Berlin Wall began after protest which was deducted by the Tank Mans courageous actions. Nearby locations such as Macau and Hong Kong have hundreds of thousands of protesters which disfavored the actions of the Communist Chinese Government.In Hong Kong, over 200,000 citizens protested in support of the brutal massacre. Because Hong Kong was still under British rule in 1989, they were afraid to be under Communist Chinas rule, they were still scarred with fear in case of reunification with China. As a result of the terror, many Hong Kong citizens fled to other countries in hope to escape the admiration (On a side none, though Hong Kon g is geographically in China, under British rule, the city is democratic). Though the international political effects of the massacre were definitely enceinte amongst the countries, we must not forget the economic results of this event.Contrastingly, where democracy isnt as prominent as in the United States, the Chinese werent as wishful in protesting as the Hong Kong citizens were, but they viewed this incident as though it was a normal rebellion. In other words, the Chinese North Americans knew there would be a big turnout of events that will occur as a result of this protest. Other countrys views on China were solid to the economy in the foreign trading aspects because after this massacre, many of them feared that China would no longer be loyal to them. Major companies and corporations dislike doing business with suffering countries.At the time, Chinas government and economy, have been slowly rising to become the leading nation, but due to this event, their growth was temporar ily halted. Many worldwide companies were indecisive to whether or not they should help out their ally by encouraging trade once again which sparked Chinas drive towards their capitalistic beginnings. After this event and ever since Google has been around, many citizens in China attempted to learn more about the Tiananmen Square Massacre, but to their disappointment, this searching capability is blocked due to relevant laws, regulations and policies (Thompson 8).Terms such never forget or candle have been censored in Chinese search engines in hope for the government to cover up their tracks. This action was very significant because although it helped China conceal information about the event so citizens wouldnt dare question or further analysek friendship regarding the topic, other countries began hypothesizing the real reason behind Chinas motives. C. Evaluation of sources Jan Wong is a Chinese-Canadian who vacationed to Beijing. This interview was about a first-hand account of t he witness of this event fail from her balcony in a nearby hotel room.The vivid descriptions of her details make her account seem reliable enough to the point where an individual can distinguish her companionship on this topic. Few people may question whether this is source is credible or not because she is part Chinese. Thompson carefully wrote his sources to depict the mysteries and after effects of Chinas actions. Having visited the Tiananmen Square several times, Thompson writes in his research paper the great, vivid event that occurred that one night in 1989. He uses much data to support his claims between China and other foreign countries.Thompson sees the Tiananmen Square a burden to Chinas progress in capitalistic development along with the emit of the world. China is known greatly for its censorship and how greatly they can cover up reasons that could probably allow other countries to question their government. Gregory Clark, a former Australian diplomat who focuses on C hinese affairs, wrote an article in Japan Times stating that the Western culture was spreading a myth about the Tiananmen Square Massacre. This shows the extent of Chinas power to censor what they feel should be heard and what should not.In order to protect the face of their government, even though there are eye-witness accounts of their wide-spread murder, the Chinese government had to take major precautions to ensure a sustainable relationship, economically and politically, with other international countries. D. Analysis In Jan Wongs interview of her account in China during the Tiananmen Square Massacre, she mentions, I wasnt the only person watching everybody on the street was watching (Wong 3). Because Jan Wong was present during the time of the event, she witnessed the actions of the tank man.If any fixture civilian were to see this event and be in complete awe of the actions of this courageous twenty year-old man, it reveals how there can be many more people in this world who might see the common man in a white T-shirt with plastic shopping bags. There are billions of people in this world and those who know about Tiananmen Square, and the millions that do, probably heard about the tank man. Though the tank man still remains anonymous after 23 years, this individual managed to influence the whole world not just on a social level, but also on an economic and political core.E. Conclusion This protest is considered one of the top 10 most influential protests along with the Boston Tea Party, Purple rain protests, and the Civil Rights March. The Tiananmen Square protest was originally meant to spread democracy in China and abandon communism. Through the years of peaceful protests, many lives were lost. After the Tiananmen Square incident though, countries from around the world were influenced by figures such as the Tank Man who had enough courage to step in front of the corrupted government in hope for it to change for the better.In addition to its efforts an d outcomes, Chinas capitalism is now becoming one of the leading nations in the world. The influence of Tank Man spread to East and West Germany which helped the taking down of the Berlin wall and once again uniting the two into one. F. Sources cited Conachy, James. Ten Years since the Tiananmen Square Massacre. World Socialist Web Site. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. . This source was a political lesson for the knowledge of the working class.The website is rather significant to this Internal assessment because it discusses about parts of the aftermath, and more importantly its effect on capitalism. This situation source is a very straightforward and unbiased work. The majority of this website was dedicated solely on the history. Ranging from important political figures such as Deng Xiao Ping to Liu lay in Yan, this website helped narrow down descriptions of many political movements. Meredith, Robyn. Where Capitalism Won, But Not Democracy. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, n. d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. .This source focuses mainly on the detailed history of Tiananmen Massacre. The significance of this article to the essay is the background information and just the overall gist and feels of this head-turning movement. After the description of the event, Meredith then discusses the major impacts the massacre had on the fall of the Berlin Wall. Tiananmen massacre is not only large event hoping to draw attention from the Chinese government, but little do they know that this movement called for revolutions all over the world. Overall, the source was significant because of its focus on detail of the actual event.Thompson, Michael J. The Price of Heavenly Peace Tiananmen Square 15 Years Later. Michael J. Thompson. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. . Similar to the article with 10 years, the 15 year goes into more detail and begins to discuss more about the outside influence of different countries such as Russia. Also, Thompsons describes the influences on different beliefs all around the world. The article also talks about Chinas original need for change which was the want for democratic power, but instead, they ended up as a capitalist country.This article helps provide the necessary information for the building blocks of repetitive reform. Wong, Jan. Interview Jan Wong Witness of the Tank Man. PBS. PBS, 11 Apr. 2006. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. The interview with Jan Wong adds a whole new perspective to my knowledge on this topic. Her account may by the closest account because she was witnessing the event as it went on. As a three generation Chinese-Canadian, Wong recounts vivid details of her being in her hotel room nearby watching this protest take place. She describes in detail the horrific scene and the sullen area. AFTERMATH AND LEGACY OF TIANANMEN SQUARE. Facts and Details. N. p. , n. d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. . This website is dedicated to the more recent news even those from post-2000. A wide-variety of articles should be used because it allows the readers to see the events from different aspects of time periods. A perspective from the 1990s as opposed to the one in 2005. This article focuses mainly on the point of views from this time period. For example, now that weve evolved more from the time of the event, we see the massacre in a whole new way.

How Does Drug Abuse Affect Personal Development of Hong Kong Teenagers? Essay

Liberal Studies Independent Enquiry Studies Enquiry theme How does do medicines offense affect individual(prenominal) get under ones skinment of Hong Kong puerilers?1. IntroductionI am interested in the topic of dose wickedness since I first study the bounteous effects of do do mediciness holler. How forever, the motive I chose do do drugss horror as my enquiry topic be suffice a new that I recently analyse .It showed a really dangerous trend appears in Hong Kong which is more than(prenominal) and more youngrs strain to pervert drugs. It also anchor that drug cry would sweat striking slander towards the personal development of puerilers. As I am real worry ab bring out this stretch out so I developed interest on the issue of jejune drug twist.I also found that the age of youngr who abuse drugs release younger and younger. 1From the statistic do in 2009 shows that at that place were 8,916 drug users describe in the first six months of the year, whic h is 1.7% more than the equivalent period in 2008. The number of drug users under 21 years old rose from 2,106 to 2,175. This information shows the urgency to pay attention to the job. If we do non pay attention to the issue of teenage drug abuse, many teenagers will suffer slap-uply from drug abuse. Furthermore, I had also done an interview with a hearty worker, Miss Fung. I have a more clear understanding towards the reasons that arouse teenagers to abuse drugs.I think it is very important to consider the reasons of teenage drug abuse .We fuel try to keep open teenager drug abuse nevertheless when we inhabit why they try to abuse drugs. Furthermore, we also need to consider the bad effects of teenage drug abuse towards their personal development so that teenagers could understand the in effect(p)ness of drug abuse. This is also an utile ways in preventing teenage from abusing drugs.1Teen Drug Use Increasing in Hong Kong post on September 8, 2009http//www.teendrugabuse .org/drugs-ab employ/teen-drug-use-increasing-in-hong-kong 32. Objectives1. 2. To find out reasons that teenagers try to abuse drugs To find out whether the enigma of teenage drug abuse is serious among Hong Kong teenagers? 3. 4. To let out the effect of abusing drugs towards teenagers personal development. To give whatever(a) suggestion on how to prevent teenagers drug abuse.Focus Questions1. What is meant by drug abuse? 2. Are Hong Kong teenagers abuse drugs is a super C phenomenon in the hostel? 3. What ar the reasons that drive the Hong Kong teenagers to abuse drugs? 4. What be the bad effects excites by drugs abusing towards the teenagers personal development? 5. How tush the society function to prevent teenage drug abuse?43. Research Methodology3.1 QuestionnaireThe target interviewees atomic number 18 teenagers aged between 12 to 21 years old. in that location be 43 respondents for the questionnaire. This questionnaire was set in English. The questionnaire is an o nline interview which designed in the form of multiple choice or some ranking questions to find out the reasons that drive teenagers to abuse drugs and the negative impacts brought by drug abuse, and the effectiveness of some disturbance measures towards teenage drug abuse. The questionnaire is divided into 4 parts. Part 1 asked for the personal information nigh the interviewees, part 2 asks for the cause of teenage drug abuse, part 3 asks for the bad impacts brought by drug abuse and part 4 asks for the effectiveness of some hitch methods in preventing teenage drug abuse.3.2 InterviewThe data collection process also includes an interview with a teenage social worker who had worked as a teenage social worker for 6 years. During the interview, a series of questions approximately teenage drug abuse were being askedin order to collect data for the research. For example, in your point of view, what are the of import causes that drive teenagers to abuse drugs?3.3 LimitationsThere a re some questions in the questionnaire are used to decide the effectiveness of some preventive measures towards teenage drug abuse. Therefore, it is a bit difficult for the respondents may found that it is difficult to do these questions the questions. However, it is necessary to typeset the effectiveness of these preventive measures so as to conclude some effective preventive measures in preventing teenage drug abuse. Also, in that respect were only 43 respondents to answer the questionnaire so the data collected may not able to represents the everyday condition of teenage drug abuse in Hong Kong. Moreover, the main cause of teenage drug abuse and the bad effects of teenage drugs could be 5finding out in the questionnaire.4. Literature ReviewThe problem of drug abuse of Hong Kong teenagers became a very hot topic among the society. There are also some figures shows that thither are increasing trend of Hong Kong teenagers abuse drugs and there are many surveys show that teenage drug abuse would caused many bad effects towards their growth and development. I would give a brief analysis found on the following articles. The article Teen drug use in Hong Kong shows that there is an increasing number of teenage drug abuser in Hong Kong. At the same time, the age of drug abusers become much younger than the previous years. The statistic shows that there were 8,916 drug users reported in the first six months of 2009, 1.7% more than the same period last year.The number of drug users under 21 years old rose from 2,106 to 2,175.Most importantly, the drug users aged 12 to 15, the number of which has grown 25% from 204 to 256. This shows that there is an urgent need to take action to drop by the wayside and prevent teenagers in Hong Kong to abuse drugs. On the different hand, the article Problems arising from drug abuse by Valerie Belew analyse the problems caused by drug abuse. It studied is not just focus on the problem s caused by drug abuse towards teenagers b ut it studied the problems as awhole. The problems caused by drug abuse would also happen in adult. It pointed out the seriousness of drug abuse towards once personal development. The articles divided the problems arise from drug abuse into 5 aspects, addiction as Brain dysfunction, developmental problems, physical infirmity, family problems and financial problems. The article is useful I providing a luxuriant information closely the bad effects caused by drug abuse. Although the problems caused by drug abuse discussed in the article are not addressed to teenagers, the information nates also be applied to the negative impacts of teenage drug abuse towards their personal development. 65. Findings and Analysis5.1 General information of the questionnaire I affix the questionnaire in the website (www.my3q.com) on 12/4/2010. There are totally 43 respondents answered the questions.5.2 Definition of drug abuseDefinition provided by respondentsMisuse of ethical drug or over-the-counte r drugsNo of respondents 3 5A maladaptive pattern of use of a magnetic core that is not considered dependent Intake of illegitimate drugs Over intake of certain drugs which lead to addiction10 25Table 1According to table 1, different respondents have different assessment onto the definition of drug abuse. These definitions given(p)(p) by respondents are correct. This shows that near of the Hong Kong teenagers have a brief understanding towards the meaning of drug abuse. However, their concept of drug abuse is not clear enough. The most comprehensive definition of drug abuse is a 2compulsive, excessive, and ego-damaging use of habit forming drugs or substances, leading to addiction or dependence, seriousphysiological injury (such as damage to kidneys, liver, heart) and or psychological harm (such as dysfunctional behavior patterns, hallucinations, memory injustice), or death. It also called substance abuse. Therefore, the definitions given by the respondents are very similar the most comprehensive definitions. This shows that teenagers understand the meaning of drug2Drug abuse http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/drug-abuse.html7abuse. 5.3 The catholicity of the problem of teenage drug abuse in Hong KongDo you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong? 16%Yes No84% map 1From the above data, 16 % (7/43))of respondents think that the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong while there are 84% (36/43) of respondents believe that the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong. It shows that most of the respondents think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong.85.4 Reasons that cause teenage drug abuseWhat cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 03427 20 12 6 5 equal influence want for ardorEscaping from the sorrowImitating the air of parentsUnderestimate the bad effects of drugsOthersChart 25.4.1 Peer influence According to Chart 2, the mai n reasons that cause the respondents to abuse drugs is Peer influence , where 36 respondents had chosen this item. Peer is a very important group among teenagers. 3As teenagers usually spend a large amount of times with their chums so accomplices will play a very influential role in teenagers live. The credibility, authority, power, and influence of peers are greater during adolescence than at any other time in life. Therefore, teenagers will seek for acceptance and belonging to their peer groups. In this way, teenagers are more wishly to abuse drugs if their peers had abuse drugs so as to understand peer recognition.Also, teenagers would feel it is difficult to refuse the requests by their peers. As they worried they would be isolated by their peers if they refused their requests so they would usually take the requests3Peer work Development Of Peer Influence, Negative Peer Influence, Positive Peer Influence, Family Relationships And Peer Influence JRankArticles http//family .jrank.org/ pageboys/1265/Peer-Influence.htmlixzz1aI7t6nxU 9f their peers. Even though they bang that abusing drugs is bad for their health, they would sleek over follow their peers to abuse drugs. Teenagers would feel more save if they follow the manners of their peers. Therefore, they would follow the manners of their peers like abusing drugs if their peers ask them to do so.5.4.2 Seeking for rapture Seeking for excitement is also a very important reason that cause teenagers abuse drugs. There are 27 respondents think that seeking for excitement is the main reasons that cause teenage drug abuse. In fact, seeking for excitement is a very common characteristic among teenagers. As teenagers usually focus on studies in their age and they may feel bored of studying. Thus they would like to seek for some excitement in order to make their live more evoke. Some kind of drugs may cause some side effects like a sense of excitement after in taking them. Therefore, some teenagers would li ke to take these drugs in order to gain a sense of excitement.5.4.3 Escaping from sadness According to map2, there are 20 respondents think that escaping from sadness is an important reason that cause teenagers abuse drugs. Teenagers are not mature enough in their age so they easily develop an idea of escaping from the reality when they confront difficulties. People may have hallucination or they may lose their senses after they took drugs. Therefore, some teenagers would like to take drugs so as to forget their sadness and enjoy the hyper sensation brought by taking drugs. Thus, these teenagers abuse drugs in order to escape from their sadness in reality.5.4.4 Others All of the respondents chosen others believe that the main reason that causes drug abuse is curiosity. Teenagers usually feel very curious about different things that they have not tried before. At the same time, many adults vehemence that drug abuse would cause great harm towards their personal 10development. Hence , teenagers would be more curious about drug abuse so they would try to abuse drugs due to curiosity.5.5 Bad effects brought by abusing drugsDo you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society? 0%Yes No100%Chart 3Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse?45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 17 10 17 10 25 20 14 17 3911Chart 4According to Chart 3, all of the 43 respondents believe that drug abuse will bring some negative effects towards the society. Drug abuse would cause great damage towards health of the drug addicts. Thus, these drug addicts may not able to continue with their work or affect their performance in working after they abuse drugs. This will defiantly reduce the productivity of Hong Kong.Furthermore, drug abuse will cause great damage towards the health of drug addicts. Then, they need to visit the doctors frequently to receive medical handling. This would drive a heavy burden of medical services in Hong Kong. It will also emergence the medi cal expenditure which may reduce the expenditure spend o other development. Therefore, it will slow down economic development.On the other hand, drug addicts are not able to control themselves due to the side effects of drugs. Thus, they may perform some dangerous behavior after they take drugs like crossing the road without considering the condition of pavement. This will increase the peril of accidents. It is also very dangerous if these drug addicts to drive cars after abusing drugs. This could also increase the risk of car accidents which place a serious threat towards the security system of Hong Kong. Therefore, drug abuse would definitely ring lots of negative impacts towards the society.On the other hand, according to chart 4, 39 respondents think that drug abuse would lead to addiction. Drug addiction is a dependence on illegal drugs or medications. once people had tried taking drugs, they could hardly resist the temptation of taking drugs again and again. 4Actually, drug addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful4Understanding of drug abuse and drug addiction http//drugabuse.gov/infofacts/understand.html 12consequences to the addicted individual and to those slightly him or her. Although the initial decision to take drugs is volunteer for most people, the brain changes that occur over time challenge a persons self control and ability to resist intense impulses urging them to take drugs. Once they stop in taking drugs, the side effects of taking these drugs like crabbiness and disorientation would appear more frequently which would cause great pain onto the drug addicts. If teenage drug addicts become addict onto drugs, this would not just cause damage to their health. As these teenage drug addicts also has to frequently in take drugs if they addicted onto drugs.Moreover, the cost of drugs is really expansive so it will place a very heavy economic burden towards these teenage drug addicts. Also, if they are addicted into drugs, they will put their full attention onto drugs. Then they would not able to concentrate onto their studies when they addictedonto drugs. Therefore, addiction onto drugs would badly affect the personal growth and development.Furthermore, there are 25 of respondents think that drug abuse would cause waning of memory. People would hardly remember things. They would be very forgetful. Drug addicts who suffered from this side effects caused by abusing drugs could never be recovered. It is because the reason that people become forgetful after abusing drugs is due to the damage of some tissues and cell in the brain. The drugs that in took by drug addicts would damage their brain cells or tissues which cause the loss of memory. Therefore, people could hardly remember things in this situation. This would greatly affect the daily activities of the drug addicts.They could hardly blockade their work when they suffered from this side effect. If teenagers in take these drugs and develop this side effects, this would badly affect their studies. The worst case is that these teenage drug addicts could not continue with their studies. Therefore, waning of memory is a long term effects onto the drug addicts which are not able to recover forever. Thus, this would also cause serious bad effects onto their future career. Therefore, waning of memory is really a serious negative effect of drug abuse which would badly affect the personal growth and development of teenagers. 13In addition, there is 20 respondents chose mental picture as one of the bad effects of drug abuse. Actually, certain drugs may contribute to the etiology of depressive symptoms and depressive disorders. Drug addicts would easily feel depressed after they took these drugs. Also, when the hyper feeling brought by the drugs passed, drug addicts would feel much depressed. It is because they need to be back to the reality which may have many difficulties.The drug addicts may cause falling off in when they were back to the cruel reality. If teenage drug addicts frequently feel depressed, they may easily choose other ways to servicing them to solve this problem which is suicide. As teenagers is not mature enough in handling depression, so they would easily come up the idea of suicide in order to foster them to escape from sadness. Therefore, depression would cause serious bad effects onto the personal growth and development of teenagers.5.6 Methods of prevention of teenage drug abuseDo you know what the School-Based mandatary drug testing proposal about? 2%Yes No 98%Chart 514Do you think the organisation asshole decrease the number of teenagers take drugs?33%YesNo 67%Chart 65.6.1 Universality of the mandatory drug testing scheme According to chart 5, 98% (42/43) respondents know about the mandatory drug testing scheme. The mandatory drug testing scheme is a trial scheme organized by the organisation which aim at 5enhancing the resolve o f students who have not interpreted any drugs to continue to stay away fromdrugs. Also, for students abusing drugs, the scheme can trip up their motivation to seek protagonist and provide appropriate professional support to help them kick the habit early. After introducing this scheme to overt, it aroused great public concern about the privacy of students. Although all the results of the scheme would not be publican, many people still believed that this scheme would interfere the privacy of students. The variety of opinions given by different interest groups enable the scheme became a verycontroversial issue in Hong Kong. Hence, more and more Hong Kong citizens would pay attention to the scheme and get wind more about this mandatory drug testing scheme. Therefore, there will have such a large proportion of respondents show that they know about this scheme.5Details of Trial Scheme on School Drug Testing in Tai Po District announced http//www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200910/19/P200 910190178.htm 155.6.2 utileness of the mandatory drug testing scheme On the other hand, according to chart 6, there are about 67% (28/43) of respondents believe that this mandatory drug testing scheme can effectively decrease the number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong. As this scheme is in the first place carried out in schoolings so it can successfully find out teenage drug addicts in school and provide suitable medical treatment in order to help them to stop abusing drugs. Therefore, this scheme can successfully help in decreasing the number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong.However, there are 33% (14/42) of respondents believe this scheme is not effective in decreasing the number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong. It is because this scheme is a voluntary drug testing scheme. Thus, teenage drug addicts can refuse to join this scheme so this scheme is quite difficult to find out these teenage drug addicts in school. Therefore, these respondents believe that this mandat ory drug testing scheme is not effective in decreasing he number of teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong. Moreover, according to the data collected, people still carry a positive attitude towards this mandatory drug testing scheme.5.6.3 Promotion by the governmentDo you know about any promotion on preventive measure of drug abuse done by the government? 16% Yes No 84%16Chart 7According to chart 7, 84% (36/43) of respondents acquired some promotions on preventing drug abusing done by the government. In recent years, there are more and more surveys show that there is an increasing trend of teenage drug abuse. This arouses public attention. Therefore, the government put more efforts in promoting the preventive measures of teenage drug abuse. For example, government inserts many television commercial and different kinds of advertisement for promoting the preventive measures. Therefore, people can easily acquire these promotions on preventing drug abusing.This can help to gain public aware ness onto the prevention of drug abuse which is a very effective ways in preventing teenage drug abuse. However, there are 16% (7/43) of respondents did not acquire any promotions on preventive measures of drug abuse done by the government. This shows that the promotion done by the government in preventing drug abuse is not enough. Therefore, the government has to pay more efforts in promoting the preventive measures of drug abuse so as to prevent teenagers from abusing drugs.5.6.4 efficaciousness of some preventive measures in preventing teenage drug abuse political relation do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing 2% 12% 21% in truth Effective Effective not Effective shortsighted 65%Chart 8 17According to chart 8, there are 86% (37/43) of respondents think that government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abuse is an effective ways in preventing teenage drug abuse. Some of the teenagers may underestimate the bad effects brought by drug abuse. If they could understand the seriousness consequences of drug abuse, this may help to prevent them from trying drugs. Therefore, it is a very effective way in preventing teenagers from abusing drugs.Parents cooperate with schools to keep an centre of attention on the manner of teenagers 0% 14% 14% very Effective Effective Not EffectivePoor72%Chart 9According to chart 9, there are 86% (37/43) of respondents thinks that the most effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse is the cooperation between parents and schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers. As the symptoms caused by drug abuse are very obvious. Therefore, if parents and the schools can keep an eye on their manner, it can easily find out the teenage drug abusers. Hence, parents could try to find some treatment in order to help their children get rid of drugs. Therefore, it is also an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse.18Parents communicate more with their children0% 21% 12% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 67%Chart 10According to chart 10, there are 79 %( 34/43) of respondents thinks that more communications between parents and children is an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse. Parents are a very influential group in the life of teenagers. Although children may sometimes show rebellion to their parents, they usually tend to listen to the advice given by their parents.Parents could find out whether their children had taken drugs through rapid communications between parents and children. It is easier for the teenage drug addicts to get rid of drugs when they receive medical treatment as early as possible. They can also stop their children from abusing drugs once they found out that they had tried drugs before. Therefore, it is also an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse.5.6.1 Conclusion Among 10 preventive ways given in the questionnaire, most ofthe respondents believe that Parents communicate more with their children, Parents cooperate with schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers and Government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing are the best ways in preventing teenage drug abuse.195.7 Sources of information about drugsWhere is your major source of information about drugs come from? 5% 19% Promotion by the government (e.g. advertisement, leaflets) Books Newspaper 35% 9% Talks Internet Others23% 9%Chart 11According to chart11, there are 35% (15/43) of respondents obtain information about drugs through internet while there are 23% (10/43) of respondents obtain information about drugs through newspaper. Also, there are 19% (8/43) of respondents obtain information about drugs through promotions by government. This shows that the Hong Kong has pay great attention onto the problem of teenage drug abuse which can provide a good environment in preventing teenage drug abuse.5.8 Interview I had done an interview with Miss.Fung, a teenage social worker who has handled numerous of cases about teenage drug abuse. She ga ve a detailed distribution about the cause and bad effects of teenage drug abuse which is very similar to the data collected through questionnaire. However, she gave a great suggestion in preventing teenage drug abuse. She suggested that the government should turn the voluntary drug testing scheme into a compulsory drug testing scheme. She believed this would be a very effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse.206. ConclusionFrom the research, we found that most of the people think that the problem of teenage drug abuse is very common in Hong Kong. Therefore, the problem of teenage drug abuse is quite serious in Hong Kong that we should pay attention on it and try to take actions to stop this problem from becoming more serious in the future.The main reasons that drive teenage abusing drugs are peer influence, seeking for excitement and escaping from sadness. Between all these reasons, peer influence is a major cause of teenage drug abuse as they do not want to refuse the reques ts of their friends in order to gain recognition. Therefore, we need to consider some preventive measures of teenage drug abuse that could address to this main cause.There are many bad effects that are caused by teenage drug abuse. The most common bad effects are addition, waning of memory and depression. All these bad effects would have great impact towards the teenage drug addicts which may badly affect their personal growth and development.We also found that more communications between parents and children, cooperation between parents and school in order to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers, more government promotions about the bad effects of drug abuse can help in preventing teenage drug abuse. Also, imposing a compulsory drug testing scheme in order to find out teenage drug addicts in Hong Kong is also an effective way in preventing teenage drug abuse.217. ReflectiveAfter ending the whole projects, I found that I have learned many things through doing this project. I have a more clear understanding towards teenage drug abuse in this moment. Although it is very great that I could learn so many things in this project, this project is a very difficult task for me as I need to finish it by myself. The level of difficulty is threetime that of finishing a group work project.In the beginning, I chose teenage drug abuse as my enquiry theme because I think this topic is really easy. I can easily find many sources about teenage drugs abuse. Hence, I can finish my project as soon as possible. However, I am totally wrong. There are many difficulties I faced during the project. I found it difficult to identify the useful information about teenage drug abuse from a long passage of article. It took a long time to read through the sources and extract useful information from them. The techniques taught by teacher in choosing articles helped me to save up the time for reading useless articles.Besides, most of the information about teenage drug abuse is secondary sour ce. Therefore, I have to find some primary sources so as to enable my project to be a more comprehensive project. Then, I chose to do interviews with social workers in order to obtain primary sources. This is another difficult task that I have to take on with during the project. I found it difficult to look for social workers that are willing to do interview with me. After making several times of invitations, I successfully find a social worker to help me in doing the interview. Although I can only do the interview through phones, this interview helps me greatly in doing this project.As a whole, I think it is a very valuable experience in finishing such a big project by myself. Besides the knowledge I obtained from the project, I also learn some ways in tackling difficulties which are very important that I could never learn them through books. I believe these problem 22tacking skills would be very useful even I am in the university.(Word Count 4558)238. BibliographyType of material s Newspaper Books/ Articles/ Reports 2. 1.Dennis Erng and Advian (Author) (October 18, 2010) South China morning Post (A1) (auth or) (September 5,2010)3. , (author) 2010 9 30 4. 5. 2011-01-18 6. ()2010 12 26 Teen Drug Use Increasing in Hong Kong September 8, 2009 = Problems arising from drug abuse Websites (auth or) (October 7,2010)by Valerie Belew, eHow ContributorICE Case Studieshttp//wwwl.aeric.edu/ied/ice/DIAOYU.htmVideoCheng-China Huang (July 1997) http//programme.rthk.hk/rthk/tv/programme.php?name=tv/drugbattle2011&p=4987&m=archi ve&page=1&item=100249. AppendixQuestionnaire I am a F.5 student of St. Francis Canossian College. I am doing a survey about teenage drug abuse in Hong Kong. Please fill in the questionnaire below. The information will be used for academic purposes only. Please put a pound in the chosen boxes. 1. Age 12-18 19-22 23or above2. Have you ever abuse drugs before? Yes No 3. What is meant by drug abuse?4. Do you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong? Yes No5. What cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) Peer influence Seeking for excitement Escaping from the sadness Imitating the manner of parents Underestimate the bad effects of drugs Others (please specify)6. Do you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society? Yes No7. Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse? ( can choose more than one blanks) Addiction () Respiratory depression() Nausea () Loss of appetite () fall of memory () Dehydration () Depression () 25 Insomnia () Dizziness () 8. Do you know what the School-Based mandatory drug testing scheme about? Yes (please answer question 7) No (please social movement on answering question 8)9. Do you think the scheme can decrease the number of teenagers take drugs? Yes No10. Do you know about any promotion on preventive measures of drug abuse done by the gov ernment? Yes No11. How effective are the following methods help preventing teenage drugs abuse? Circle the number. Very Effective Parents communicate more with their children Parents learn more about the symptom of drug abusing Parents cooperate with schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers Government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing Government proposed a mandatory drug testing scheme Government send more social workers to talk with drug abuser Government build more drug rehabilitation centers () School provide sources to teachers so as to let them know more about the symptoms of drug abusing Hold more talks to educate the teenagers at school26Effective 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3Not Effective 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Poor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 4 4 4 4 4 4 44321Teacher communicate more with students432112. Where did you get the information about drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) Promotion by the government (e.g. advertisement, leaflets) Books Newspaper Talks Internet Others (please specify) This is the end of the questionnaire. Thank you for finishing the questionnaire. Charts 1. AgeAge0% 7%12 to 18 19-22 23 or above93%A-12-18 (40) B-18-22 (3) C-23or above (0)272 Have you ever abuse drugs before?Have you ever abuse drugs before?26% YesNo 74%A- Yes (11) B. No (32) 3. What is meant by drug abuse? Definition provided by respondents Misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugsNo of respondents 3 5 10 25A maladaptive pattern of use of a substance that is not considered dependent Intake of illegal drugs Over intake of certain drugs which lead to addiction4. Do you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong?Do you think the problem of teenage drug abuse is common in Hong Kong? 16% Yes No 84%A-Yes (36) B-No (7) 284.What cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks)What cause teenagers to take drugs? (Can choose more than one blanks) 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 34 27 20 1265Peer influenceSeeking for excitementEsc aping from the sadnessImitating the manner of parentsUnderestimate the bad effects of drugsOthersA- Peer influence (34) B- Seeking for excitement (27) C- Escaping from the sadness (20) D- Imitating the manner of parents (6) E- Underestimate the bad effects of drugs (12) F- Others (5)No option (0) apportion 1 item (10) Select 3 items (15) Select 5 items (1) Select 2 items (12) Select 4 items (5) Select 6 items (0)5. Do you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society?Do you think drug abuse will bring any negative impacts towards the society? 0%Yes No 100%A-Yes (43) B-No (0)296. Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse?Are the following the negative impacts of drug abuse?45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 39 25 17 10 17 10 20 14 17No Selection (0) Select 1 item (3) Select 5 items (4) Select 9 items (3) 7. Do you know what the School-Based mandatory drug testing scheme about? Select 2 items (13) Select 6 items (5) Select 3 items (6) Select 7 items (3) Se lect 4 items (6) Select 8 items (0)Do you know what the School-Based mandatory drug testing scheme about? 2%Yes No98%A- Yes (please answer question 7) (42) B- No (please move on answering question 8) (1)308. Do you think the scheme can decrease the number of teenagers take drugs?Do you think the scheme can decrease the number of teenagers take drugs?33% Yes No 67%A- Yes (28) B- No (14)9.Do you know about any promotion on preventing drug abusing done by thegovernment?Do you know about any promotion on preventive measures of drug abuse done by the government? 16% Yes No 84%A- Yes (36) No (7)10. How effective are the following methods help preventing teenage drugs abuse?31Parents communicate more with their children0% 12%21%Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 67%A-Very Effective (5) B-Effective (29) C-Not Effective (9) D-Poor (0)Parents learn more about the symptom of drug abusing0% 9% 30% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 61%A-Very Effective (4) B-Effective (26) C-No t Effective (13) D-Poor (0)32Parents cooperate with schools to keep an eye on the manner of teenagers 0% 14% 14% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor72%A- Very Effective (6) B- Effective (31) C- Not Effective (6) D- Poor (0)Government proposed a mandatory drug testing scheme2% 7% 28% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 63%A- Very Effective (3) B- Effective (27) C- Not Effective (12) D- Poor (1)33Government do more promotion on the bad effects of drug abusing 2% 12%21%Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor65%A- Very Effective (9) B- Effective (28) C- Not Effective (5) D- Poor (1)Government send more social workers to talk with drug abuser 5% 7% 21% Very EffectiveEffectiveNot Effective Poor 67%A- Very Effective (3) B- Effective (29) C- Not Effective (9) D- Poor (2)34Government build more drug rehabilitation centers () 5% 23% 16% Very Effective Effective Not Effective Poor 56%A- Very Effective (7) B- Effective (24) C- Not Effective (10) D- Poor (2)School provide sou rces to teachers so as to let them know more about the symptoms of drug abusing 2% 5% Very Effective 30% Effective Not Effective 63% PoorA- Very Effective (2) B- Effective (27) C- Not Effective (13) D- Poor (1)35Hold more talks to educate the teenagers at school2% 9% Very Effective 28% 61% Effective Not Effective PoorVery Effective A(1) B-Effective (26) C-Not Effective (12) DPoor (4)Teacher communicate more with students0% 9% Very Effective 42%EffectiveNot Effective 49% PoorA-Very Effective (4) B-Effective (21) C-Not Effective (18) D-Poor (0)11. Where did you get the information about drugs?36Where is your major source of information about drugs come from? 5% 19% Promotion by the government (e.g. advertisement, leaflets) Books Newspaper 35% 9% Talks Internet Others23% 9%Promotion by the government (e.g. advertisement, leaflets) Books (4) Newspaper (10) Talks (4) Internet (15) Others (2) Identities of respondents Submit Time Apr-12-2011 133 am Apr-12-2011 0135 am Apr-12-2011 0149 am Apr-12-2011 0357 am Apr-12-2011 1240 pm Apr-12-2011 1249 pm Apr-12-2011 0434 pm Apr-12-2011 0502 pm Apr-12-2011 0637 pm Apr-12-2011 0645 pmApr-12-2011 0710 pm Apr-12-2011 0737 pm Apr-12-2011 0811 pm 37(8)IP Address 218.253.118.159 116.48.84.219 61.10.137.36 99.238.61.74 173.58.21.249 113.255.170.79 223.19.184.136 218.102.79.213 116.48.75.180 59.149.153.34 203.185.58.179 113.254.253.200 112.119.248.186Host Name cm218-253-118-159.hkcable.com.hk n1164884219.netvigator.com cm61-10-137-36.hkcable.com.hk CPE002401e5519f-CM00252eac3ca8.cpe.ne t.cable.rogers.com pool-173-58-21-249.lsanca.fios.verizon.net 113.255.170.79 223.19.184.136 pcd547213.netvigator.com n1164875180.netvigator.com 059149153034.ctinets.com 203185058179.res.dyn.ctinets.com 113.254.253.200 n112119248186.netvigator.comApr-12-2011 0825 pm Apr-12-2011 0844 pm Apr-12-2011 0847 pm Apr-12-2011 0906 pm Apr-13-2011 1046 pm Apr-14-2011 0138 pm Apr-14-2011 0724 pm Apr-14-2011 0735 pm Apr-14-2011 0754 pm Apr-14-2011 0957 pm Apr-16-20 11 0551 pm Apr-16-2011 0801 pm Apr-16-2011 1159 pm Apr-17-2011 0600 pm Apr-18-2011 0849 pm Apr-18-2011 0907 pm Apr-19-2011 0113 am Apr-19-2011 0322 pm Apr-22-2011 0929 pm Apr-24-2011 0229 pm Apr-26-2011 0450 pm Apr-27-2011 0648 pm Apr-28-2011 1246 pm Apr-29-2011 0327 pm Apr-29-2011 0640 pm Apr-29-2011 1100 pm Apr-30-2011 1235 am Apr-30-2011 0903 pm Apr-30-2011 0920 pm1.64.165.238 183.178.233.130 218.102.78.191 183.178.233.130 219.77.191.43 210.0.215.8 219.78.208.104 119.236.24.10 61.15.71.5 119.236.6.158 113.252.34.192 182.152.192.106 61.244.123.197 58.152.150.46 219.77.185.170 218.103.150.72 112.118.163.103 61.18.212.47 203.218.91.96 218.102.80.176 203.218.217.113 1.64.55.82 112.118.142.138 58.152.235.175 112.118.161.164 183.178.233.130 203.223.234.196 116.49.135.19 116.49.87.1711-64-165-238.static.netvigator.com 183178233130.ctinets.com pcd546191.netvigator.com 183178233130.ctinets.com n219077191043.netvigator.com 210.0.215.8 n219078208104.netvigator.comn11923624010.netvigator.com cm61-15-71-5.hkcable.com.hk n1192366158.netvigator.com 113.252.34.192 m182-152-192-106.smartone-vodafone.com 061244123197.ctinets.com n058152150046.netvigator.com n219077185170.netvigator.com n218103150072.netvigator.com n112118163103.netvigator.com cm61-18-212-47.hkcable.com.hk pcd301096.netvigator.com pcd548176.netvigator.com pcd427113.netvigator.com 1-64-55-082.static.netvigator.com n112118142138.netvigator.com n058152235175.netvigator.com n112118161164.netvigator.com 183178233130.ctinets.com 203.223.234.196 n11649135019.netvigator.com n1164987171.netvigator.com n11649154003.netvigator.comMay-01-2011 0651 pm 116.49.154.338Interview transcripts Date 10th April, 2011 Time 500p.m.-530p.m. mode of interview personal interview I K I, K I, , K , , I? K , ,, , I? K,,,, , , I? K, , I? K, , , , I , K, 39

Raymond Briggs Essay

During the 1980s at that place was fear of a nuclear attack. Mass protests were held in order to frustrate nuclear armament. Many politicians gave formal sermons to the public, warfarening them of the threat of nuclear war and the effects of the bombs. However, Raymond Briggs uses cartoon obliges and painting to illustrate the serious message, making it more interesting, so more people take notice of it. When the Wind Blows follows the lives of a conventional, elderly duad in the countryside. Their names are Jim and Hilda Bloggs. The name Bloggs shows that they are very cut-and-dried and could represent anybody.The first section of the cartoon strip shows the idyllic countryside in which the couple live. There are fluffy clouds in the sky, but at the selfsame(prenominal) time these clouds are very ominous, as we later image out. These clouds soon become mushroom clouds after the bomb hits. There are bright colours filling the pages making their lives seem cheerful. The windm ills in the background generate wind using the latest technology, however, this technology is what creates the bomb. Jim reads the newspaper when he arrives home and we realise that the lives shown in the newspaper are so very different compared to his and his wifes simple lives. My life isnt very fast-moving or dynamic.Jim always tries to sound born(predicate) but gets things wrong constantly. This makes us feel terrible pity for Jim because he is so hopeless. On the video, Jim squints quite often and Hilda always hobbles. This shows their vulnerability. The simplicity of the illustrations of Jim and Hilda is a contemplation of their characters. The couple seem very warm and kind because of their round bodies. They both mystify rosy cheeks giving them a plump and healthy appearance as well. The endearing name, Ducks, that Jim has for Hilda adds to their innocence.Jim and Hilda trust the government completely and think that without the asideicial leaflets theyd have been totally non-prepared. However, we know that the leaflets are just there to comfort the people, because no one can escape the radiation sickness after a nuclear bomb explosion. Their naivety shows when they seem to think that there is going to be a war and not a nuclear bomb. I can soon touch it in after The Bombs gone off. There is some irony in their comments because, after the supposed war, they will be wiped out.During the build-up to the bomb, the lullaby Rock a Bye Baby plays in the background. This gives the fib its title. The irony here is that, when the bomb hits, hot winds will sweep over the countryside causing mass destruction. Lullabies are usually sung to children so it makes the couple again seem innocent and nave. We feel even more sympathy for Jim and Hilda when they look back at the community spirit of World fight Two with nostalgia. They never seem to see the grim reality of what is happening to them.As the bomb hits, all the audience and reader can see is a bright whit e light. This represents the total obliteration that the bomb causes. The colours outside change from cheerful colours to ones of luridness. While Jim is reading out names of governmental organisations, there are strong drumbeats playing in the background, giving a threatening sense.The drums beats get louder, drowning out Jims voice, showing the nuclear war as being more important. Flashes of real-life footage also add to the threatening atmosphere and show the reality of what is happening. The names of organisations flash onto the screen then they fall away and become distorted. This reflects Jims thoughts of the names. They mean nothing to him and, as far as he is concerned, they are just letters. The fact that they all fall apart shows that there is no safety, even from organisations set up to protect people.After the explosion, we see the inevitable 0death of Jim and Hilda. Bags start to appear round their eyes, Hildas ankles start to sag and her hairs-breadth falls out. Thi s is a very moving build-up to their death, as it shows the awful reality of the bomb. The couple have hardly any food to eat, but manage to find one fruit pastille. Their true love for each other is shown here as they cut the pastille in half, making it fair. During the aftermath of the bomb, both Hilda and Jim have fantasies. We feel sympathy for them here because their childish fantasies make them seem innocent. As the glass shatters, Hilda sees her past in the pieces of glass, which is shattered before her very eyes. This gives her character a past so we feel great pity on her, because we know she is going to die. It also seems like her life flashing before her eyes, something which people fit in with the arrival of death.In both the film and book, the death of Jim and Hilda is not shown. In the book the last pages are brown, showing no hope for the couple, whereas in the film version, there is a close-up of the bunker and it rises into the sky, appearing as the sun. This gives a sense of hope, because it shows that Jim and Hilda have gone to heaven. I think that the way Raymond Briggs has used the cartoon book genre to convey a serious message works really well. It is very moving and rouses the sympathy of both reader and audience.

Marketing Mix and the Brand Reputation of Nokia

Market Forces April 2008 Vol. 4 No. merchandise liquify & BRAND seek selling MIX AND THE BRAND paper OF NOKIA SYED EHTESHAM ALI College of focusing Sciences PAF-Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology E-mail emailprotected com Abstract Pakistans mobile ph matchless market is growing very fast. The most selling check off in the market is Nokia. A system was developed that the personality of a fault is a source of demand and the competitively superior quality image justifies a premium price.In this survey we assessed the reasons for preference of this crisscross based on established parameters of merchandise compound (the 4 Ps). The objective of this study was to measure the expiration of preference of these parameters. For this purpose a questionnaire was developed and administered to 240 respondents. The alternate hypothesis that at least nonpareil(a) of the predictor shiftings would fork over a linear relationship with the mutualist variable marque reputati on was accepted. R? is 0. 53, which indicates that about 53% of the variation on the hooked variable is explained by the predictor variable, which is significantly moderate.Among every the free variables the slope for the yield quality and promotion (advertising & communication) were superiorer(prenominal) than the rest. Regression coefficients for intersection point quality and promotion (advertising & communication) were 0. 95 and 0. 85 various(prenominal)ly. This dream ups that an increase in unrivalled rating (on the scale of five to one) of product quality and promotion (advertising & communication) would cause brand reputation to increase by 0. 95 and 0. 85 rating respectively. 1. 0. 0 OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to measure how elements of marketing mix and their relationship affect the brand reputation of Nokia mobile phone.Though the marketing mix fancy such as product, price, place and promotion argon very important in analyzing the marketing strateg y, the scope of the study was mainly MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 15 MARKETING MIX & BRAND RESEARCH focused on one aspect of brand loveliness i. e. brand reputation, the ultimate reflection of the correct blend of all marketing mix. 1. 1. 0 LITERATURE SURVEY 1. 1. 0 Brand Branding has an ancient history. It could be traced back to the clips when the ancient Egypt brick findrs used to stamped symbols on the bricks for appellation and distinction purposes (Farghuhar 1990).Nilson (1998) on the other hand found that ancient farmers used to put symbols on the cattle with the help of hot iron, which meant burning. The word brand has been derived from the Norse word branna that means to burn. In Swedish language the word brand, means fire. Thus when a producer put some marks or symbols on their product it will come in the category of branding (Nilson 1998). unrivaled of the advantages of starchy brand name is that its helps in penetrating in a new market or a new market category. Globali zation has created tremendous brand consciousness and this aw arness is not dependent on the approachability of the products. Czinkota & Ronkainen 2001). For example in Pakistan, brands such as such as McDonald, Pizza Hut and KFC had very gruelling aw argonness even before they opened their franchises in Pakistan. 1. 2. 0 Brand Equity Brand right is a relationship between customers and brands resulting in a profit to be realized at a future date (Wood 2000). Kotler and Armstrong (1996) were of the opinion that measuring brand equity is a tedious job. Nevertheless a powerful brand means high brand equity that helps in achieving higher brand loyalty, name awareness, sensed quality, and strong brand associations.Some of the major benefits of brand equity are brand awareness and consumer loyalty which helps in reducing marketing costs. Brand is an important equity therefore, it should be carefully preserved by adopting strategies that would help in maintaining or improve brand awa reness, perceived brand quality and positive associations. (Kotler & Armstrong 1996) Ambler and Styles (1997) are of the opinion that brand equity could be measured from two perspectives. One is financial evaluation approach and the other is consumer-based approach.The financial evaluation approach is related to the monetary respect of the brand, and the consumer-based approach focuses on the brand itself that is how much value the consumers give to the brand. Brand equity is also considered as an accumulated profit that could be realized at a future date. The brand equity fancy can also cause confusion, because of difficulty in measuring it (Ambler & Styles 1997). MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 16 MARKETING MIX & BRAND RESEARCH Importance of brand equity demands deprivation for more practical experience and comparative look to judge and validate the usefulness of brand evaluation methods (Farquhar 1990).The recent merger and acquisition slip has also increased the importance of m easuring brand equity (Tauber 1988). The role of brands is now far beyond product oppositeiation or competing for market share. They are accumulated annuities which the firm can acquire from its balance sheet (Tauber 1998). Firms could have a strong competitive edge over competitors if they could create brand equity through building awareness, image, and linking associations (Keller 1998). A stronger brand would always have a better understanding of needs, wants, and preferences of consumers than the brands that are not competitive.Thus stronger brands would help in creating good marketing programs that could go beyond consumer expectations. (Keller 1998). Brand equity since last one decade has remained popular for attracting new market segments (Pitta & Katsanis, 1995). This phenomenon of brand equity has coincided with the newly emerged merely equally popular phenomenon of brand extension (Ambler & Styles 1997). Research shows a two way relationship between brand equity and ext ension. A brands equity could mould the success of extensions, and extensions could positively influence brands equity.The result is that extremely valued brand extensions are more prospered. Consumers tend to choose those brands that have strong brand equity. This creates strong brand loyalty, and would make it difficult for the customers to switch to the competitors. Brand position of a firm is strongly dependent on the positive image of brands. Strong brands are a major source of differentiation and extending the same towards a specific product category is easier. Successful brand allows firms to demand high prices and are a source of barrier which makes it difficult for consumers to switch to other brands (Pitta & Katsanis 1995. 1. 3. 0 BRAND REPUTATION According to Aaker (1991, 1996) and Kapferer (1997) both companies and consumers are watchful over the brand reputation of what they sell or buy. Every brand represents distinct values, creates a distinct profile in the minds of the customers in respect to what it stands for. For example in beverage fabrication Coca-cola stands for refreshing and in car indus find out Volvo brand is perceived for safety and comfort. Similarly in the mobile industry Sony Ericsson is poised as music and entertainment etc.Globalization and advanced technology have made the market more competitive, thus firms, now, are more brand sensitive. They have find that the consumer preferences have become homogenous because of globalization and the spread of technology. Thus, both the sellers MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 17 MARKETING MIX & BRAND RESEARCH and buyers are paying caution to the brand reputation in terms of what they are buying and selling. A consumer during his lifetime undergoes a series of ever changing circumstances and situations. As a result his brand preference shifts with his changing needs.The brand attributes or features must fit to consumers need to maintain an ongoing permanent relationship with the brand. Th e consumers need to have a trust in their preferred brands for continued offering of the desired benefits. According to Browne (1998), if companies fail to ensure a trustworthy, stable brand reputation, the brands growth and market share will be affected. Thus a brand reputation is the image of superior quality and added value, which justify a premium price. A reputable brand is a strong asset, which benefits from a high degree of loyalty and stability for future sales (Kapferer 1997).Ultimate goals of highly reputed brands should be to strengthen their image. Low selling brands with low reputation should focus on tailoring their marketing mix and fixing the overall image riddle (Baldinger & Rubinson 1996). Firms dealing with mobile handset are also concerned with the reputation of their brands, and how this would affect their international market share. Competition among the mobile companies has forced them to create a brand reputation in customers minds. The mobile telephone indu stry is comprised of mostly multinationals and has financial advantages in their cost structure.This advantage is not available to their purely domestic counter break-dances (Kapferer, 1997). Brand reputation in the mobile telephone industry is becoming crucial for consumers purchasing behaviors. Temporal and Lee (2001) argue that powerful brands are the ones that are built on reputation and this will not change, but would gain more importance in the future. Up Shaw (1995), agrees and claims that branding is the art of trust being and therefore it is imperative for companies to build a reputable identity operator in order to maintain trust with their consumers.A highly reputed brand name is considered as a favorable and publicly recognized name that reflects merit, achievement, and reliability. According to Paul and John (1997), the attribute reputation is an estimation of the consistency, over a period of time for an entity. This estimation is based on the entitys willingness an d ability to perform an activity repeatedly in a similar fashion and an attribute is some specific part of the entity price, quality, promotion, distribution and other marketing skills. A brand is a relationship between reputation and promise. Moreover, reputation is a set of expectations.A brand is a combination of tangible and intangible attributes, symbolized in a trademark. If properly managed, brand creates influences and generates value. Temporal and Lee (2000) also define the brand MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 18 MARKETING MIX & BRAND RESEARCH as a promise to the consumer of what the product, service, or company stands for, and for the kind of experience they can get from it. If the promise is delivered, customers will be satisfied and this will keep them coming back to a companys product. Kotler (1999) defines three clear advantages, which brands offer to the consumers.Firstly, brands inform the consumer about the product quality. Buyers, who consistently purchase the same bran d, are aware that they will get the same quality each time they purchase the product. Secondly, brand names simplify shop for consumers, by enhancing their ability to find the products that match their wants and needs, as opposed to generic branding. Lastly, brand names allow consumers attention to be haggard to new products that are beneficial to them, since the brand is the first form of recognition. To become successful and hence profitable, brands must develop a positive reputation.A reputable brand is strong assets, which benefits from a high degree of loyalty and thus forms stability of future sales. (Rogerson 1983). Brand reputation involves a continuum ranging from an uncertain knowing that the brand is recognized at the market place, to a belief that it is the number one in the product class by customer (Aaker 1991). This continuum can be represented by different degree of brand reputation known on the market. The brand reputation can be good or bad, strong or weak. It cr ystallizes how people feel about the reputation based on whatever information they have about the brand.Some companies have not built any brand at all. We can say for the unknown brand that, for it, no reputation exists and it does not affect consumer-buying behavior on the market. 1. 2. 0 MARKETING MIX. 1. 2. 1 PRODUCT (Quality) (Quality) intersection point quality is an important determinant for the customers for choosing a brand that helps in the development of brand reputation. Quality belongs to the product perspective of a brands identity whereas perceived quality is how a brands quality is seen by the consumers. It is one of the key dimensions in Aakers brand equity mannequin.A higher price is a sign of high quality to the consumers. Perceived quality is a source of consumer satisfaction it makes them to repurchase the product, which leads to loyalty. (Uggla 2001). MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 19 MARKETING MIX & BRAND RESEARCH 1. 2. 2 PRICE (Affordability) (Affordability) Price influences the brand choice in two ways (1) Seek the lowest price to avoid financial risk or (2) Seeks the higher price to gain product quality (Macdonald & Sharp 2000). For some consumers, the price is vital particularly when they are purchasing frequent products.Some consumer may choose a brand just because it has the lowest price, while other consumers may choose a brand just because it has the highest perceived price inferring that it is of high quality. 1. 2. 3 PROMOTION (Advertising & Communication) Communication) How can a company build its brand reputation through promotion? A promotion that provides incentives to try a new flavor or new use will be more effective if the brand is familiar and there is no need to combat a consumer skeptical of brand reputation (Pringle & Thompson 1999). Advertising acts as a major tool to enhance brand reputation.The purpose of advertising is to make the consumers to purchase their brands. Advertising is one of the most visible forms of com munication. It creates a set of associations the consumers want to have about a brand. If advertising, promotion and packaging support a constant positioning strategy over time, the brand is likely to be strong (Aaker 1991). 1. 2. 4 PLACE (Availability) Firms rarely work alone in creating value for customers and building positive brand reputation. Consistency of supply and availability at convenient locations are vital for brand reputation.Any disagreement between marketing channel members on goals and roles may create channel conflict, which eventually could hamper overall reputation of the specific brand (Kotler, 2006). Reputation is a historical apprehension based on the sum of the past behaviors. It is prone to change over time and is a function of time. 2. 0. 0 RESEARCH QUESTION The following research question has been formed in the light of the literature review. How do the mobile phone buyers perceive the brand reputation of Nokia in terms of marketing mix? 3. 0. 0 METHODOLO GY MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 20 MARKETING MIX & BRAND RESEARCHBased on the literature survey and the in a higher place-identified nonsymbiotic and dependent variables, a close-ended questionnaire was developed. Questionnaire was based on a total of 14 questions seven were related to personal data and the rest were related to the subject study that is measuring brand reputation in terms of marketing mix. The sample size for the study was 240 and it was chosen non-randomly and was personally administered by my students. The analysis was inclusive of the measures of central tendencies and the measure of dispersion. The hypothesis was tested through multiple regressions. 4. SURVEY FINDINGS 4. 1 MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCIES & DISPERSION The respondents opinions on the determinants of marketing mix and brand reputation were obtained. The determinants for marketing mix were product (quality), price (affordability), promotion (advertising and communication) and place (availability). The determinants for brand reputation were favorability, public recognition, reliability and consistency. The summarized results related to the measures of the central tendencies and dispersion are presented below Table Number One Measure of Central Tendencies Product (Quality) Mean St.Error Median Mode St. Dev. S. Var. Kurtosis Skew ness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count 4. 74 0. 03 5. 00 5. 00 1. 13 0. 19 -0. 77 -0. 98 1. 00 4. 00 5. 00 1138 240 Price (Affordability) 3. 82 0. 03 5. 00 5. 00 0. 81 0. 18 -0. 39 0. 08 1. 00 4. 00 5. 00 1144 240 Promotion (Adv. & Communication) 4. 45 0. 03 5. 00 5. 00 1. 08 0. 29 -0. 18 -0. 82 2. 00 3. 00 5. 00 1107 240 countersink (Availability) 4. 02 0. 03 4. 00 4. 00 1. 04 0. 23 1. 23 -0. 74 3. 00 2. 00 5. 00 1017 240 Brand Reputation 4. 89 0. 05 5. 00 5. 00 1. 16 0. 49 3. 69 -1. 09 3. 00 2. 00 5. 00 1117 240MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 21 MARKETING MIX & BRAND RESEARCH M ark e ting M ix viz. Brand Re putation 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Product Price Promotion Place Bra nd Reputatioon 4. 74 3. 82 4. 45 4. 89 4. 02 The respondents opinions on dependent variable brand reputation was the highest with a mean of 4. 89, whereas the rating on product (quality) ranked second with a mean of 4. 79 and the price (affordability) was the lowest with a mean of 3. 82. The standard divergency of respondents opinion on independent dimensions price (affordability) was the least (0. 1) as compare to the other dimensions. This indicates that there is less polarization and difference in the respondents opinion on the dimension price (affordability). The standard deviation of respondents opinion on dimension product (quality) was the highest i. e1. 13 as compared to the other dimensions. This indicates that there is a high polarization of respondents opinions on the product (quality) dimension. Skewness for all the determinants of brand reputation was shun except price (affordability) with the value of 0. 08.The negative skewness indicates that the majority of the re spondents opinions on the respective determinants were below the average level and the distribution curve is negatively skewed. 4. 2. 0 BRAND REPUTATION The respondents opinions were obtained in terms of favorability, recognizably, reliability, and consistency. The summarized results are presented below TABLE NUMBER-2 REPUTATION OF NOKIA Most favorable Most Publicity Most Reliable Most Consistent MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 22 MARKETING MIX & BRAND Recognized 4. 01 4 3. 1 RESEARCH 3. 63 4. 5 4 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 1. 5 1 0. 5 0 4. 01 4 3. 1 3. 63 Most f avorableMost Publicity Recognized MostReliable Most Consisten The level of favorability and recognize ability of Nokia brand was the highest with a mean of 4. 04 and 4. 0. The perception on the consistency and reliability were found to be on the lower side with a mean of 3. 1 and 3. 63 respectively. 4. 1. 2 HYPOTHESIS TESTING literature survey suggests that, buyers perceive or build brand reputation of mobile phones in terms of (1) product (q uality), (2) price (affordability), (3) promotion (adv. & communication) and (4) place (availability). Based on the theoretical framework, the following hypotheses were developed.H1o Sufficient evidence exists to conclude that no linear relationship exists between Nokias dependent variable brand reputation and independent variables such as product, price, promotion, and place. H1A At least one of the predictor variables has a linear relationship with the dependent variable brand reputation. STATISTICAL delegacy The statistical representation of the above hypothesis is presented below. H1O ? 1= ? 2= ? 3= ? 4=0 H1A ? 1? ?2? ?3? ?4? 0 The above hypothesis was tested through multiple regressions for brand NOKIA and the summarized results are presented below. MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 23MARKETING MIX & BRAND TABLE NUMBER-2 MULTIPLE REGRESSIONS Regression Statistics triune R R Square Adjusted R Sqr. Standard Error Observations RESEARCH 0. 69 0. 53 0. 52 0. 44 240. 00 Df Regression Residu al hail 4. 00 234. 00 240. 00 Coefficients Intercept Product(quality) Price(affordability) Promotion(Adv. & Comm. ) Place(Availability) 0. 72 0. 95 0. 27 0. 85 0. 34 SS 12. 01 13. 05 25. 06 Std. Error 0. 49 0. 09 0. 03 0. 03 0. 02 MS 3. 00 0. 06 F 53. 82 Significance F 0. 00 t Stat 1. 48 2. 61 7. 57 6. 83 7. 41 Pvalue 0. 14 0. 02 0. 00 0. 01 0. 00 Lower 95% -0. 24 0. 06 0. 16 0. 15 0. 13 Upper 95% 1. 68 0. 42 0. 27 0. 27 0. 22 R? or the brand NOKIA is 0. 53, which indicates that about 53% of the variation on the dependent variable is explained by the predictor variable which is significantly strong. Among all the independent variables the slope for the product and promotion are the highest, this means that as compared to other independent variables, product and promotion of Nokia brand booth phone has stronger relationships with the dependent variable brand reputation. Regression coefficient for product and promotion are 0. 95 and 0. 85 respectively. This means that an increase in one rating (on the scale of five to one) of product (quality) and promotion (adv. communication) will cause brand reputation to increase by 0. 95 and 0. 85 rating respectively. The F-value is high and falls in the critical region that means variations of independent variables are unequal this indicates that the results are not biased. Except for the coefficient of product and promotion, no other coefficient is statistically significant. 5. 0 CONCLUSION CONCLUSION MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 24 MARKETING MIX & BRAND RESEARCH Based on the survey findings the following conclusions have been drawn According to the respondents opinion the rating on dependent variable brand reputation was highest with the mean of 4. 9, whereas the rating on product (quality) was the second highest with a mean of 4. 79 and the rating on price (affordability) was lowest with a mean of 3. 82. The standard deviation of respondents opinion on independent dimensions price (affordability) was the least (0. 81) as compared to the other dimensions. This indicates that there is less polarization in the respondents opinion on the dimension price (affordability). The standard deviation of respondents opinion on dimension product (quality) was the highest 1. 13. This indicates that there is high polarization of respondents opinion on the product (quality) dimension.Skewness for all the determinants of brand reputation were negative except for price (affordability) with the value of 0. 08. The negative skewness indicates that the majority of the respondents opinions on the respective determinants were below the average level and the distribution curve is negatively skewed. The alternate hypothesis that at least one of the predictor variables would have a linear relationship with the dependent variable brand reputation was accepted. R? is 0. 53, which indicates that about 53% of the variation on the dependent variable is explained by the predictor variable, which is significantly strong.The slope f or products (quality) and promotion (advertising & communication) were the highest this means that as compared to other independent variables, product (quality) and promotion (advertising & communication) of the Nokia brand cell phone have stronger relationships with the dependent variable brand reputation. Regression coefficient for product (quality) and promotion (advertising & communication) were 0. 95 and 0. 85 respectively. This means that an increase in one rating (on the scale of five to one) of product (quality) and promotion (advertising & communication) will cause brand reputation to increase by 0. 5 and 0. 85 rating respectively. ANNEXURE 1 Q1) Age (in years) 15 25 QUESTIONNAIRE (DEMOGRAPHIC DATA) 26 35 36 45 46 above MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 25 MARKETING MIX & BRAND Q2) mental reservation ? Matriculation Others -Q3) Gender ? Male Q4) Marital Status ? Single Q5) Profession Marketing Teacher Q6) Income Up to 20,000 above RESEARCH ?Intermediate ?Graduation get the hang ?Female Married Banking Engineering Other(s) please specify.. 21,000 30,000 31,000 40,000 Doctor 41,000 and Q7) Please mark the area of your residence Sadder Defence Clifton Gulshan F. B. Area Nazimabad PECHS Other(s) Rate the following statements in terms of your answer (5 being highly agreed and 1 being highly disagreed) MARKETING MIX Q8) Rate the brand reputation of Nokia brands in terms of Product i. e quality. 5 4 3 2 1 Q9) Rate the brand reputation of Nokia brands in terms of Price i. e. affordability 5 4 3 2 1 Q10) Rate the brand reputation of Nokia brands in terms of Promotion i. e. Advertising & Communication. 5 4 3 2 1 Q11) Rate the brand reputation of Nokia brands in terms of Place i. e. Convenience in availability. 5 4 3 2 BRAND REPUTATION Q12) I consider Nokia as most favorable brand in terms of brand reputation. 4 3 2 1 Q13) I consider Nokia as most publicly recognized brand in terms of brand reputation. 5 4 3 2 1 Q14) I consider Nokia as most reliable brand in terms of brand reputation. MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 26 1 MARKETING MIX & BRAND RESEARCH 5 4 3 2 1 Q15) I consider Nokia as most consistent brand in terms of brand reputation. 5 4 3 2 1 ANNEXURE 2 REFERENCES Aaker, D. A. , 1991. , Managing Brand Equity Capitalizing on the Value of the Brand Name. refreshfulYork The Free press. Aaker, D. A. , 1996. , Building Strong Brands. New York The Free arouse. Aaker, D. A, 2004. Brand Portfolio Strategy, New York Free Press.MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 27 MARKETING MIX & BRAND RESEARCH Ambler, T. , & Styles, C. , 1997. Brand development versus new product development toward a process model of extension decisions. journal of Product & Brand prudence, 6(4), p. 222-234. Browne, K. , 1999. Nokias Brilliant Branding. Finance Week South Africa. Vol. (22), p. 12-26. Baldinger, A & Rubinson, J. , 1996. , Brand Loyalty the Link between stance and Behavior. Journal of Advertising research, Vol. (2), p. 84-97. Czinkota, M. & Ronkainen, M. , 2001. , Intern ational Business (6th ed. ). Fort Worth Harcourt College.Farquhar, P. , 1990. Managing brand equity. Journal of Advertising Research, August/September) 30, RC 7 RC 12. Keller, K. L. , 2003. Strategic brand management, Building measurement and Managing Brand Equity, 2nd Ed. , Upper Sadle River. . Kotler, P, & Armstrong, G. , 1996. Principles of Marketing. (7th ed.. USA Prentice Hall, Inc. Pringle, H. Thompson, M. , 1999. Brand Spirit how cause related marketing builds brands. New York John Wiley & Sons. Jean, N. K, 1997. Strategic Brand Management, Princeton University Press Princeton. Kapferer, J. N. ,1997. Strategic Brand Management. 2nd.LondonHove. Kotler, P. & Armstrong, G. & Saubers, J. & Wong, V. , 1999. Principles of marketing. 2nd ed. England Prentice Hall press. Kotler, P. & Keller, K. L, 2006. Marketing Management 12th ed. Indiana Indiana University Press. Macdonald, E. K. & Sharp, B. M. 2000. Brand awareness effects on consumer decision-making for a common, repeat purcha se product A replication Journal of Business Research, Vol. (48), p5-15. Nilson, H. T. , 1998. Competitive Branding-Winning the Marketplace with Value Added Brands. Chichester Wiley,cop. Paul, H. & John, M. , 1997. Pricing Strategy & Practice.Bradford 5(1),p. 25. MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 28 MARKETING MIX & BRAND RESEARCH Pringle, H. & Thompson, M. , 1999. Brand Spirit how cause related marketing builds brands Journal of Marketing, Vol. (21), p. 61-78. Pitta, A. & Katsanis, P. L. 1996. Understanding Brand Equity for Sucessful Brand Extension. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 12(4),51-64. Rogerson, W. P, 1983. Reputation and Product Quality, The Bell Journal of economics, Vol. (2), p. 508-516. Tauber, E. , 1988. Brand leverage Strategy for growth in a cost- control world. Journal of Advertising Research, ( August/September). 8, 26-30. Temporal, P & Lee, K. C. 2001. Hi-Touch Branding, Creating Brand Power in the Age of technology. Journal of Information & technology, 94(2), p. 67-86. Ugg la, H. , 2001. What makes winning brands different The hidden method behind the worlds most successful brands. The journal of marketing, 18(3), p. 24-41. Upshaw, L. B. 1995. .Building Brand Identity A strategy for success in a hostile marketplace. New York John Wiley & Sons, Wood, L. , 2000. Brands and brand equity definition and management. Management Decision, 38(9), 662-669. MARKET FORCES APRIL-2008 29

Investment Analysis and Lockheed Tri Star

Investment Analysis and Lockheed Tri Star Group effort Total points 100 (Course course of instruction 25%) This case comprises foursome serially numbered stand-alone problems and the fifth one appears with the title of Lockheed Tri-Star. You are required to offer your calculations of encourages as indicated below. In sum to the calculations, write a brief summary of your findings in about 100 words for each problem. 1) Rainbow Products20 points Machine Purchase Machine plus service fill Enhanced Machine Payback period 7 Years 7. 78 Years 7. 65 Years NPV ($945. 8) $2,500. 00 $15,000. 00 IRR 11. 49% 12. 86% 15. 43% Decision (Yes/No) NO YES YES We would advise Rainbow Products to not purchase the paint-mixing equipment unless they decided take on the additional $500 per year expenditure to service the machine, or decided to reinvest 20% of the yearly cost savings back into new machine parts. Either of the last two options would benefit the company, unlike the primary option, as t hey provide both a positive Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) greater than the Cost of Capital.Although the last two options have longer Payback Periods than the first option, using Payback Period to make a determination in this example is not suitable because of the shortcomings of the method. 2) Concession Stand20 points Criteria Add a new window Update Equipment upstart Stand Rent Any other option? Wildcard Add a New Window AND Update Existing Equipment NPV ($) $25,461. 91 $2,514. 18 $34,825. 76 $28,469. 88 $27,976. 08 NPV egregious No WildcardNPV crying(a) Wildcard 34 45 11 22 3 IRR (%) 34. 2% 18. 01% 31. 21% 1207. 61% 28. 10% IRR Rank No WildcardIRR Rank Wildcard 22 45 33 11 4 MIRR (%) 26 . 77% 16. 90% 24. 82% 255. 21% 23. 01% MIRR Rank No WildcardMIRR Rank Wildcard 22 45 33 11 4 It would be in the best interest of the Concession Stand to either Build a New Stand, or Rent a Larger Stand. Under the NPV method, Building a New Stand would be the most beneficial option, with the Rent choice beingness the second best option.Under the IRR and MIRR methods, the Rent choice would be a clear favorite while the Building a New Stand choice would be the third most beneficial option. Their choice in which action to take would depend upon which methodology best aligned with their operational goals, although NPV is a more ordinarily used and trusted approach than IRR because of several issues that can derail IRR calculations. 3) MBATech, Inc. 20 points Alternative Cost to the city ($) Increase IRR to 25% $122,103Give 2-year payback $256,522 NPV of $75,000 (at 20% discount) $112,666 ARR of 40% $173,913 Although the cost to the city could vary depending upon the timing of the premium payments due to the time value of money, our calculated costs reflect immediate payment of the subsidy during the initial investment period. With that said, the city would be wise in pursuing the NPV of $75,000 method as the cost of this method would be the least expensive of the four alternatives.An upfront payment to MBA Tech, Inc. , from the city, for $112,666 would be sufficient in pushing the NPV of the project to the $75,000 limit. The city should avoid the 2-year payback method if at all possible as this would have the greatest cost by a substantial margin. 4) Valu-Added Industries, Inc. 10 points NPV of the project $100,000 Number of shares to be issued 1,000 Price per share $110. 00 By issuing 1,000 shares to the unrestricted at $10. 0 per share, Valu-Added Industries will be financing the entire project through investors. This action will also indicate to current stockholders that the future market place value of the shares of stock of the company should be higher in value. With no further information, it would appear that both Valu-Added Industries, and their stockholders, would benefit from the organization taking on this opportunity, and that the value of the company would only increase by doing so. ) Lockheed Tri St ar30 points At planned production levels of 210 units, what was the true value of the Tri star course of study? ($584,048,126) At planned production levels of ccc units, what was the true value of the Tri star program? ($274,381,683) At planned production levels of 323 units, what was the true value of the Tri star program? ($206,205,933) At what sales volume would the program reach true break even? About 388